Anoche, la Presidenta desmintió desde su atril que la Argentina haya ingresado en la lista “gris” del Grupo de Acción Financiera Internacional (GAFI) en un discurso en el que mezcló o confundió el lavado de activos con el tráfico de personas.
Dado que aludió a los periódicos y periodistas que publicaron sobre esa lista -es decir, a mí-, aprovecho para subir todo el material oficial disponible del GAFI que confirma lo que publiqué. Quizá para reducir ciertas confusiones.
Quien quiera, pues, puede encontrar la posición formal del GAFI sobre la Argentina, según lo expresado por su presidente, el mexicano Luis Urrutia Corral, en el comunicado de cierre del plenario, en este link: http://www.fatf-gafi.org/document/7/0,3746,en_32250379_32235720_48263111_1_1_1_1,00.html
En particular sobre la Argentina, el GAFI/Urrutia Corral expuso lo siguiente (con una aclaración, el término "progress" no se equipara en este caso a "progreso" sino más bien a "evolución", como queda claro luego del propio texto):
“Statement on the progress made by
The FATF heard Argentina´s report on progress made since its first follow-up report presented in February 2011 and recognised the important legislative efforts aimed at improving the criminalisation of money laundering. Based on the initial analysis of the recent legal amendments, the FATF expressed some specific concerns that there are still shortcomings in the criminalisation of money laundering, and further clarification is required. Substantial progress to improve the criminalisation of terrorist financing has not yet taken place, and there are a large number of other AML/CFT deficiencies remaining. The FATF remains seriously concerned about the risks that such deficiencies may pose, as identified in “Improving Global AML/CFT Compliance: on-going process”, and will continue to review progress, in the context of measures that the FATF has agreed to follow under its enhanced follow-up procedures for members insufficiently in compliance with the FATF Recommendations.
The FATF expects more substantial progress by Argentina by October 2011. In particular, the FATF expects Argentina to fully address the FATF´s concerns regarding the criminalisation of money laundering in accordance with international standards, present to the FATF a draft law criminalising terrorist financing in accordance with international standards, and inform about the progress in addressing the other AML/CFT deficiencies. As part of this discussion, the FATF reaffirmed the responsibility of all members to observe a high level of compliance with the FATF Recommendations in an expedited manner".
Y en cuanto a las listas. En efecto, no son reconocidas por sus colores de manera formal por el GAFI, pero los listados existen y son conocidos de ese modo alrededor del mundo. Tanto, que hasta el vicepresidente de la UIF aludió a esos colores en un seminario al que asistí (y tengo grabado).
Los países con "deficiencias" aparecen en este apartado del GAFI: http://www.fatf-gafi.org/document/16/0,3746,en_32250379_32236992_48263184_1_1_1_1,00.html
La lista "negra" es esta:
http://www.fatf-gafi.org/document/54/0,3746,en_32250379_32236992_48263734_1_1_1_1,00.html
Y la lista "gris" es esta:
http://www.fatf-gafi.org/document/29/0,3746,en_32250379_32236992_48263965_1_1_1_1,00.html
En la introducción de este apartado, el GAFI expone los motivos por los cuales ingresaron a esa lista:
"24 June 2011 - As part of its on-going review of compliance with the AML/CFT standards, the FATF has to date identified the following jurisdictions which have strategic AML/CFT deficiencies for which they have developed an action plan with the FATF. While the situations differ among each jurisdiction, each jurisdiction has provided a written high-level political commitment to address the identified deficiencies. The FATF welcomes these commitments.
A large number of jurisdictions have not yet been reviewed by the FATF. The FATF continues to identify additional jurisdictions, on an on-going basis, that pose a risk to the international financial system. The FATF has additionally begun initial reviews of a number of other jurisdictions as part of this process and will present its findings later this year.
The FATF and the FSRBs will continue to work with the jurisdictions noted below and to report on the progress made in addressing the identified deficiencies. The FATF calls on these jurisdictions to complete the implementation of action plans expeditiously and within the proposed timeframes. The FATF will closely monitor the implementation of these action plans and encourages its members to consider the information presented below".
En cuanto a la Argentina en particular, en ese link se expone lo siguiente:
"Argentina
In June 2011, Argentina made a high-level political commitment to work with the FATF to address its strategic AML/CFT deficiencies. Argentina has taken steps towards improving its AML/CFT regime, including by enacting amendments to its AML legislation on 17 June. Based on the initial analysis of the recent legal amendments, the FATF expressed some specific concerns that there are still shortcomings in the criminalisation of money laundering and further clarification is required. The FATF has determined that strategic AML/CFT deficiencies remain. Argentina will work on implementing its action plan to address these deficiencies, including by: (1) adequately criminalising money laundering and terrorist financing (Recommendation 1 and Special Recommendation II); (2) establishing and implementing adequate procedures for the confiscation of funds related to money laundering and identifying and freezing terrorist assets (Recommendation 3 and Special Recommendation III); (3) enhancing financial transparency (Recommendation 4); (4) ensuring a fully operational and effectively functioning Financial Intelligence Unit and improving suspicious transaction reporting requirements (Recommendation 13, Special Recommendation IV, and Recommendation 26); (5) implementing an adequate AML/CFT supervisory programme for all financial sectors (Recommendations 17, 23 and 29); (6) improving and broadening CDD measures (Recommendation 5); and (7) establishing appropriate channels for international cooperation and ensuring effective implementation (Recommendation 36, Recommendation 40 and Special Recommendation V). The FATF encourages Argentina to address its remaining deficiencies without delay and continue the process of implementing its action plan".
Espero no haberme extendido demasiado. Pero dado que la Presidenta me “atriló”, si alguien quería datos, pues aquí tiene todos –y sólo- los links oficiales.
Pd: inserté completos los links en vez de ubicar hipervínculos a propósito, para exponer de manera clara que todos los enlaces son oficiales, sólo del GAFI.
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